Rockeval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance techniques were developed in the 1970s, and basin modelling software for source rock maturity and petroleum generation appeared in the 1980s. Hydrogen index as a maturity proxy some pitfalls and how to. Source rock maturity measured by vitrinite reflectance of coal vitrinite reflectance take home points on source. Hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial history, and thermal maturity of the steele, niobrara and mowry formations at teapot dome, wyoming. Petroleum source rocks characterization and hydrocarbon. Areas of inferred sourcerock quality south of well control are based on sequence stratigraphic interpretations houseknecht and bird, 2 004, seismic observations, and outcrops of the kingak shale and coeval rocks in the brooks range foothills.
Maturity and sourcerock potential of palaeozoic sediments in the nw. This implies that the akata formation is the major contributing source rock while the agbada formation is the minor contributing source rock. However, apart from mamu formation, nkporo result shows that six out of ten shale samples and for nsukka formation, four samples out of six samples, fall within the mature source rock and thermally mature source rock table 2 that can generate hydrocarbon in the basin. Rockeval pyrolysis is used to rapidly evaluate the petro leumgenerative potential and thermal maturity of rocks. Source rock potential and thermal maturity of the tertiary lignite series in the ogwashiasaba formation. They are organicrich sediments that may have been deposited in a variety of environments. Results are often presented as a mean r o value based on all vitrinite particles measured in an individual sample. R o is commonly used to describe the thermal maturity of source rocks with respect to crude oil or.
Finn abstract burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of petroleum generation were modeled for eight key source rock horizons at. The essential elements of a petroleum system include a petroleum source rock, reservoir rock, seal rock, and overburden rock, while the processes that are required for. Source rock hydrogen index hi can be a maturity proxy to map relative maturity. The kerogen content of a sediment is normally determined by combustion of the organic carbon to. Generally the source rock quality is fair to excellent, but the petroleum generation potential varies considerably. Source rock potential and thermal maturity of the tertiary. Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rock using. Hydrogen index as a maturity proxy some pitfalls and how. The spi for oil and gas are calculated from thermal maturity and net richness values, net richness being the thickness of effective or net source rock times the. They provide information on the kerogen type, sedimentary environment, effective source rock identification and its thermal maturity. In evaluating stone sources many laboratory methods are used.
The geochemistry laboratories provide detailed oil reservoir source rock evaluation total quality assurance services that includes toc determination, source rock potential determination through rock eval pyrolysis and source rock proclivity and maturity determination utilizing vitrinite reflectance and visual kerogen typing techniques. Again, a thick source rock package developed west of the jawf subbasin, with the depocenter located in the tayma area. Evaluating source rock maturity using multisample kinetic. The amount and type of organic material incorporated into a. Pdf petroleum source rocks characterization and hydrocarbon. The study of the different maturation parameters obtained from rockeval pyrolysis, such as tmax and vitrinite reflectance, reflects that the considered rock units are. Petroleum gener ated by thermally mature source rock is expelled into a porous and permeable carrier bed and. Jan 01, 2010 this study provides an evaluation of the source rock quality, maturity and distribution and of the oils in this area. Results reveal that only a small amount of hydrocarbons is being or has been generated in situ at teapot dome. The hydrogen index decreases with increasing depth into the basin. This chapter overviews the petroleum source rocks characterization and hydrocarbon generation, based on organic geochemical characteristics e. Lower cretaceous source rock evaluation and thermal maturity. Toc is the weigh percent of organic carbon present in a rock which is measured by the amount of co2 released through combustion. Us20120095687a1 method of predicting source rock thermal.
The maturity of a source rock can also be used as an indicator of its hydrocarbon potential. Baoxiang wu, a gen wang, a, b zepeng sun, a, b liang xu, a, b shenzhen zhu, a, b lina sun, a, b and zhifu wei a. Pdf hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial. Pdf basic petroleum geochemistry for source rock evaluation. This study combines hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial history and thermal maturity basin modeling. The northern permian basin is located in the offshore area ssw of norway, nnw of denmark and east of scotland. The combined fiii and fiv members in the haldager1, kvols1 and ronde1 wells contain net sourcerock thicknesses. Evaluating source rock maturity using multisample kinetic parameters from the bakken formation miss. Besides pointing to zones of high petroleum potential within a sedimentary basin, subsurface mapping of a source rock s degree of thermal maturity is also the basic tool to identify and broadly delineate shale gas plays. The section in the mic mac h86 well showed that the toc ranged between 24%, with a thermal maturity of ro0. Burial history, thermal maturity, and oil and gas generation history of petroleum systems in the southwestern wyoming province, wyoming, colorado, and utah by laura n. The baiyingebi 2 formation is the most important medium to good source rock in the chagan depression. They are one of the necessary elements of a working petroleum system. Rocks of marine origin tend to be oilprone, whereas terrestrial source rocks such as coal tend to be gas.
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Note that the sourcerockquality map does not extend bey. Petroleum source rocks, maturation and thermal history, onshore tasmania. Novel maturity parameters for mature to overmature source rocks and oils based on the distribution of phenanthrene series compounds zixiang wang, a, b yongli wang, a.
Typical source rocks, usually shales or limestones, contain about 1% organic matter and at least 0. Source rock matures with continuous burial and subsidence, a producing source rock still undergoes burial which fosters continuous maturation. Purchase of an open document does not constitute license for republication in any form, nor does it allow web posting without prior written permission. Among the various techniques available, the geochemical technique involving total organic carbon content toc and rock eval pyrolysis are regularly being used in hydrocarbon exploration. Source rock fundamentals source rocks result from a convergence of physical, biochemical and geologic processes that culminate in the formation of fine grained sedimentary rocks containing carbon and hydrogenrich organic matter. Novel maturity parameters for mature to overmature source rocks and oils based on the distribution of phenanthrene series compounds. A source rock is a rock that is capable of generating or that has generated movable quantities of hydrocarbons the first factor to be assessed in an exploration play in an area yet to be drilled is whether a source rock is present.
Pdf the northern permian basin is located in the offshore area ssw of norway, nnw of denmark and east of scotland. Method of predicting source rock thermal maturity from log responses download pdf info publication number us20120095687a1. S3 is an indication of the amount of oxygen in the kerogen. Maturity and sourcerock potential of palaeozoic sediments.
Source rock evaluation in the lake chad area of the bornu basin, nigeria ola peter sunday1, adekoya john adeyinka 2 and olabode solomon ojo1. Source rock analysis, thermal maturation and hydrocarbon. The parent rock is one of the main elements of the hydrocarbon system in this case the thermal maturity or temperature is the factor to determine whether the host rock can produce oil, gas, and condensate. Source rock assessment and hydrocarbon prospects of anambra. Evaluation of the quality, thermal maturity and distribution. Map of the study area with the photograph inserted ii. That is, if a rock is submature, then it has a much higher potential to generate further hydrocarbons than one that is overmature. This study provides an evaluation of the source rock quality, maturity and distribution and of the oils in this area.
Source rock potential and thermal maturity of the eocene. High organic productivity preservation anoxic conditions chain of thermal maturation. When we analyze a rock sample in the laboratory, we actually measure its remaining or untapped source capacity at the present day. There is limited toc and maturity data for this source rock the abenaki subbasin, though probably has significant upside potential. The fiii and fiv members show significant lateral changes in gene ration capacity, the bestdeveloped source rocks occurring in the basin centre. Historically, sourcerock maturity has been studied through programmed pyrolysis such as rockeval, vitrinite reflectance, log interpretation or basin modeling. Several methods are used to determine levels of thermal maturation of petroleum source rocks. Aromatic hydrocarbons are important fraction in crude oil and source rock bitumen. This basin is filled mainly by lower permian aeolian desert sediments and volcanics, plus upper permian evaporitic sediments.
Historically, source rock maturity has been studied through programmed pyrolysis such as rock eval, vitrinite reflectance, log interpretation or basin modeling. Petroleum source rocks, maturation and thermal history. The source rock geochemistry findings reported for this study incorporate both legacy and newlygenerated data for uticapoint pleasant and equivalent samples collected in the basin, and include evaluations of organic matter content, quality and thermal maturity. This is a measure of the organic carbon dioxide yield of the rock. The kerogen in the farsund formation is algalderived, and kerogen type ranges from type ii to type iii. Petroleum source rock potential and thermal maturity, palo duro basin, texas downloadable pdf. The depositional environment, source potential and maturity of organic. Source rock potential and thermal maturity of the tertiary lignite series in the ogwashiasaba formation, southern nigeria. In order to evaluate source rock maturity, we used basin.
Burial history, thermal maturity, and oil and gas generation. Hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial history, and. Milligrams of carbon per gram or rock produced from the organic residue remaining after pyrolysis of kerogen is completed mg cg rock. Recently, a new pyrolysis instrument the source rock analyzer has come to market. Pdf source rock quality and maturity and oil types in. Modified method for estimating petroleum sourcerock. Petroleum source rock an overview sciencedirect topics. In petroleum geology, the maturity of a rock is a measure of its state in terms of hydrocarbon generation.
Paper open access evaluation of organic matters, hydrocarbon. It is dominated by medium to high maturity source rocks with type ii kerogen. A rock rich in organic matter which, if heated sufficiently, will generate oil or gas. Discussion of rockeval pyrolysis maturity results for.
Source rock quality and maturity and oil types in the nw danish central graben. With this new addition, questions of data congruence have arisen between the rockeval and. A method for estimating a property of an earth formation, the method includes. Vitrinite reflectance is a measure of the percentage of incident light reflected from the surface of vitrinite particles in a sedimentary rock. Source rock quality and maturity and oil types in the nw. Petroleum source rock potential and thermal maturity. The broadest element in source rock evaluation is the total organic carbon, or toc, of a rock. Source rock potential is evaluated based on three parameters organic amount, organic type, and maturity. Besides pointing to zones of high petroleum potential within a sedimentary basin, subsurface mapping of a source rocks degree of thermal maturity is also the basic tool to identify and broadly delineate shale gas plays. Analytical techniques for source rock geochemistry are also relatively recent. Pdf basin modelling and source rock evaluation in the.
Recently gathered, analyzed, and mapped data and information for the southern part of the dutch central graben and terschelling basin were used as input for a full threedimensional 3d reconstruction of the burial history, including temperature, source rock maturity, and timing of hydrocarbon generation. Among the various techniques available, the geochemical technique involving total organic carbon content toc and rockeval pyrolysis are regularly being used in hydrocarbon exploration. Pdf source rock quality and maturity and oil types in the. A thick source rock package developed west of the jawf subbasin during early silurian time.
Lower cretaceous source rock evaluation and thermal. What is a source rock sr a source rock is a fine grained rock that is capable of generating or that has generated movable quantities of hydrocarbons law, 1999 a source may be termed potential source rock if it hasnt been sufficiently cooked immature. In the present study, core samples from three deep boreholes in krishna. In petroleum geology, the term source rock refers to rocks in which hydrocarbons have been generated or are capable of hydrocarbon generation. Source rock assessment and hydrocarbon prospects of. Finn abstract burial history, thermal maturity, and timing of petroleum generation were modeled for eight key sourcerock horizons at. Hydrocarbon source rock characterization, burial history. The source rock thermal maturity evolution in the chagan depression is controlled by the paleogeothermal fields during the yingen formation depositional periods.
1184 1365 1055 1205 1395 370 89 1584 144 1334 85 914 755 1159 927 26 398 1462 295 1495 680 1281 1073 957 499 77 795 365 1481 113 149 1290 770 886